{"id":7791,"date":"2025-07-07T06:56:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T04:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/deverrouiller-le-mystere-derriere-loesophage-de-barrett\/"},"modified":"2025-07-07T06:56:46","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T04:56:46","slug":"deverrouiller-le-mystere-derriere-loesophage-de-barrett","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/deverrouiller-le-mystere-derriere-loesophage-de-barrett\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9verrouiller le myst\u00e8re derri\u00e8re l’\u0153sophage de Barrett"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Une \u00e9quipe dirig\u00e9e par des chercheurs de la Baylor College of Medicine et de la Washington University School of Medicine a mis en lumi\u00e8re le processus qui anime la formation d’\u0153sophages de Barrett. Cette condition affecte la muqueuse de l’\u0153sophage – le tube qui transporte les aliments de la bouche \u00e0 l’estomac – et augmente le risque de d\u00e9velopper un ad\u00e9nocarcinome \u0153sophagien, un cancer grave et souvent mortel.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude, publi\u00e9e dans le Journal of Clinical Investigation<\/i>r\u00e9v\u00e8le que deux g\u00e8nes importants impliqu\u00e9s dans le guidage et le maintien de l’identit\u00e9 de l’\u0153sophage et de l’intestin, SOX2 et CDX2, sont modifi\u00e9s dans l’\u0153sophage de Barrett. Les r\u00e9sultats approfondissent non seulement notre compr\u00e9hension de la fa\u00e7on dont la maladie se d\u00e9veloppe, mais ouvre \u00e9galement la porte \u00e0 de nouvelles fa\u00e7ons d’identifier les personnes \u00e0 risque et d’emp\u00eacher la condition de progresser vers le cancer.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’ad\u00e9nocarcinome \u0153sophagien est l’un des cancers solides \u00e0 la croissance la plus rapide. Il est difficile \u00e0 traiter, et il n’y a pas de techniques de d\u00e9pistage efficaces disponibles\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le premier et le co-correspondant auteur Dr Ramon Jin, professeur adjoint au D\u00e9partement de m\u00e9decine de John T. Milliken \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Washington.<\/p>\n

Jin est sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans le diagnostic et le traitement des cancers qui se produisent dans la partie sup\u00e9rieure du syst\u00e8me digestif, y compris l’\u0153sophage. \u00ab\u00a0Au moment o\u00f9 je vois ces patients, leur cancer est avanc\u00e9 et leur esp\u00e9rance de vie est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement mesur\u00e9e en mois\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Il est connu que l’\u0153sophage de Barrett se d\u00e9veloppe g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement apr\u00e8s une exposition \u00e0 long terme au reflux acide et biliaire, qui transforme les cellules de la muqueuse de l’\u0153sophage en cellules qui ressemblent plus \u00e0 celles de l’estomac et de l’intestin.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’\u0153sophage, qui n’est normalement pas expos\u00e9 \u00e0 l’acide, s’adapte au reflux acide en devenant plus comme l’estomac ou l’intestin, des organes utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 un environnement acide ou riche en bile\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’auteur de co-correspondant, le Dr Jason Mills, Herman Brown, professeur de m\u00e9decine gastro-ent\u00e9rologie et hepatologie de Baylor. \u00ab\u00a0Malheureusement, l’\u00e9limination du reflux acide avec des m\u00e9dicaments ne gu\u00e9ris pas l’\u0153sophage de Barrett; les cellules ne reviennent pas \u00e0 leurs caract\u00e9ristiques typiques de l’\u0153sophage.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Au microscope, les l\u00e9sions de Barrett montrent une prolif\u00e9ration cellulaire accrue et un tissu d\u00e9sorganis\u00e9 avec des cellules de type estomac et de type intestin o\u00f9 seules les cellules \u0153sophagiennes devraient \u00eatre\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Jin. \u00ab\u00a0Si cette perte d’identit\u00e9 persiste dans l’\u0153sophage, le stade est probablement pr\u00eat pour le d\u00e9veloppement du cancer.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour mieux comprendre ce qui entra\u00eene la transformation des cellules \u0153sophagiennes en cellules estomac et intestinales, l’\u00e9quipe a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les facteurs de transcription SOX2 et CDX2, qui sont des prot\u00e9ines qui r\u00e9gulent l’identit\u00e9 des cellules \u0153sophagiennes et intestinales, respectivement.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9quipe a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une biblioth\u00e8que d’organo\u00efdes de patients atteints d’\u0153sophage de Barrett. Les organo\u00efdes sont des versions miniatures et cultiv\u00e9es en laboratoire du tissu \u0153sophagien humain qui imitent de nombreuses caract\u00e9ristiques de l’organe d’origine. Les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 que l’\u00e9quilibre entre Sox2 et CDX2 d\u00e9terminait si les cellules ressemblaient plus \u00e0 des cellules \u0153sophagiennes normales ou avaient commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 ressembler \u00e0 l’estomac ou aux cellules intestinales. Le fait d’avoir moins de Sox2 et plus de CDX2 rendrait l’\u00e9quilibre loin de l’identit\u00e9 \u0153sophagienne et plus pr\u00e8s de l’estomac ou des cellules intestinales.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9quipe a \u00e9galement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le de souris dans lequel Sox2 pourrait \u00eatre s\u00e9lectivement d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9 dans l’\u0153sophage. Ces souris ont montr\u00e9 une croissance cellulaire accrue, une maturation cellulaire r\u00e9duite et l’apparition de structures anormales \u00e0 la jonction entre l’\u0153sophage et l’estomac – imitant clairement les premiers stades de l’\u0153sophage de Barrett chez l’homme. Sans Sox2, la muqueuse \u0153sophagienne devient plus vuln\u00e9rable aux dommages et \u00e0 la transformation.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats soutiennent l’id\u00e9e que l’\u0153sophage de Barrett peut provenir de la reprogrammation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l’acide et la bile des cellules \u0153sophagiennes normales en modifiant l’\u00e9quilibre de SOX2 et CDX2. Cette nouvelle compr\u00e9hension pourrait aider les scientifiques \u00e0 trouver des strat\u00e9gies pour intervenir plus t\u00f4t dans le processus de la maladie et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles fa\u00e7ons de fournir un diagnostic pr\u00e9coce.<\/p>\n

Yuanwei Xu, T. Mamie Lih, Yang-Zhe Huang, Toni M. Nittolo, Blake E. Sells, Olivia M. Dres, Jean S. Wang, Qing K. Li et Hui Zhang ont \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 ce travail. Les auteurs sont affili\u00e9s \u00e0 une ou plusieurs des institutions suivantes: Baylor College of Medicine, Washington University et Johns Hopkins University.<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe dirig\u00e9e par des chercheurs de la Baylor College of Medicine et de la<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[2084,2023,3931,2083,2152],"class_list":["post-7791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-maladies","tag-barrett","tag-derriere","tag-deverrouiller","tag-loesophage","tag-mystere","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9verrouiller le myst\u00e8re derri\u00e8re l'\u0153sophage de Barrett - RVH-Synergie.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/deverrouiller-le-mystere-derriere-loesophage-de-barrett\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9verrouiller le myst\u00e8re derri\u00e8re l'\u0153sophage de Barrett - 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