{"id":7369,"date":"2025-06-19T02:56:17","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T00:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/comment-un-parasite-cerebral-commun-perturbe-la-communication-neuronale\/"},"modified":"2025-06-19T02:56:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T00:56:27","slug":"comment-un-parasite-cerebral-commun-perturbe-la-communication-neuronale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/comment-un-parasite-cerebral-commun-perturbe-la-communication-neuronale\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment un parasite c\u00e9r\u00e9bral commun perturbe la communication neuronale"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Une \u00e9quipe de scientifiques de l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u00e0 Riverside, explique dans un article publi\u00e9 dans Pathog\u00e8nes PLOS<\/i> Comment un parasite microscopique, Toxoplasma gondii, peut perturber consid\u00e9rablement la fonction c\u00e9r\u00e9brale, m\u00eame lorsqu’elle infecte qu’un petit nombre de neurones. L’\u00e9quipe a constat\u00e9 que le parasite interf\u00e8re avec la communication essentielle entre les cellules c\u00e9r\u00e9brales – la recherche qui peut offrir de nouvelles fa\u00e7ons de d\u00e9tecter et de traiter les infections chroniques c\u00e9r\u00e9brales.<\/p>\n

Toxoplasma gondii peut infecter presque tous les animaux \u00e0 sang chaud et pr\u00e9f\u00e8re vivre \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur des cellules c\u00e9r\u00e9brales, formant des kystes dans des neurones qui peuvent persister \u00e0 vie. Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que les neurones infect\u00e9s lib\u00e8rent moins de v\u00e9sicules extracellulaires (EV) – les paquets li\u00e9s \u00e0 la membrane utilis\u00e9s par les cellules pour \u00e9changer des informations.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons constat\u00e9 que cette perturbation de la signalisation des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques peut interf\u00e9rer avec la fa\u00e7on dont les neurones et les cellules gliales, en particulier les astrocytes, maintiennent un environnement c\u00e9r\u00e9bral sain\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Emma H. \u200b\u200bWilson, professeur de sciences biom\u00e9dicales dans la UC Riverside School of Medicine, qui a dirig\u00e9 l’\u00e9quipe de recherche.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0M\u00eame une poign\u00e9e de neurones infect\u00e9s peuvent d\u00e9placer l’\u00e9quilibre neurochimique du cerveau. Cela sugg\u00e8re que la communication entre les neurones et le soutien des cellules gliales est non seulement critique, mais aussi vuln\u00e9rable au d\u00e9tournement par les parasites.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, environ 10 \u00e0 30% des personnes aux \u00c9tats-Unis sont infect\u00e9es par Toxoplasma gondii, souvent sans le savoir. Le parasite est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement contract\u00e9 par la viande insuffisante ou l’exposition aux excr\u00e9ments de chats. Bien que le syst\u00e8me immunitaire garde g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement l’infection sous contr\u00f4le, le parasite peut rester en sommeil dans le cerveau pendant des d\u00e9cennies. Chez les individus avec une immunit\u00e9 affaiblie, il peut r\u00e9activer et provoquer une maladie grave.<\/p>\n

Les outils de diagnostic actuels ne peuvent d\u00e9tecter que si une personne a \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9e \u00e0 Toxoplasma gondii en identifiant les anticorps. Les outils ne peuvent pas confirmer si le parasite est toujours pr\u00e9sent dans le cerveau ou comment il peut affecter la fonction c\u00e9r\u00e9brale.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nos recherches ouvrent la porte \u00e0 l’utilisation des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques comme biomarqueurs, qui peuvent \u00eatre isol\u00e9s du sang\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Wilson.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e \u00e0 l’aide de mod\u00e8les de souris et de cellules humaines en laboratoire.<\/p>\n

Wilson a expliqu\u00e9 que dans les cerveaux de souris sains, les astrocytes r\u00e9gulent les neurotransmetteurs comme le glutamate, garantissant que les neurones ne deviennent pas surexcit\u00e9s. Mais lorsque les neurones infect\u00e9s par Toxoplasma gondii arr\u00eatent d’envoyer les bons signaux EV, ce r\u00e8glement se d\u00e9compose. Le r\u00e9sultat est des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de glutamate, ce qui peut entra\u00eener des convulsions, des dommages neuronaux ou une connectivit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale modifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le parasite peut jouer un r\u00f4le plus important dans les conditions neurologiques et comportementales que nous ne le pensions auparavant\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9quipe de recherche de Wilson s’efforce d\u00e9sormais d’analyser des \u00e9chantillons de banques de sang humain pour rechercher des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’infection c\u00e9r\u00e9brale toxoplasma gondii. L’\u00e9quipe esp\u00e8re \u00e9galement mieux comprendre comment les cellules gliales d\u00e9tectent et r\u00e9agissent aux prot\u00e9ines parasites – des insignes qui pourraient un jour conduire \u00e0 de nouvelles th\u00e9rapies ou m\u00eame aux vaccins.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nos cerveaux ont des d\u00e9fenses int\u00e9gr\u00e9es qui peuvent reconna\u00eetre et r\u00e9pondre aux neurones infect\u00e9s par Toxoplasma gondii\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Wilson. \u00ab\u00a0Si nous pouvons apprendre \u00e0 soutenir ou \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer ce processus, nous pouvons \u00eatre en mesure de mieux prot\u00e9ger les gens, en particulier les plus vuln\u00e9rables.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 son impact potentiel, Toxoplasma gondii est souvent mal compris, a ajout\u00e9 Wilson.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il n’est pas n\u00e9cessaire d’\u00e9viter quelqu’un qui est infect\u00e9; la plupart des gens vivent toute leur vie sans sympt\u00f4mes\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9. \u00ab\u00a0Les enceintes doivent \u00eatre prudentes car le parasite peut provoquer de graves malformations cong\u00e9nitales si elle est contract\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois pendant la grossesse. La pr\u00e9vention la plus efficace est la manipulation et l’hygi\u00e8ne des aliments.<\/p>\n

Wilson a \u00e9t\u00e9 rejoint dans l’\u00e9tude par Emily Z. Tabaie, Ziting Gao, Nala Kachour, Arzu Ulu, Stacey Gomez, Zoe A. Figueroa, Kristina Bergersen et Wenwan Zhong.<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe de scientifiques de l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u00e0 Riverside, explique dans un article publi\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7370,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[879,182,1107,1339,5723,1545,3876],"class_list":["post-7369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-maladies","tag-cerebral","tag-comment","tag-commun","tag-communication","tag-neuronale","tag-parasite","tag-perturbe","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nComment un parasite c\u00e9r\u00e9bral commun perturbe la communication neuronale - RVH-Synergie.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/comment-un-parasite-cerebral-commun-perturbe-la-communication-neuronale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment un parasite c\u00e9r\u00e9bral commun perturbe la communication neuronale - 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