{"id":6795,"date":"2025-05-26T18:56:11","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T16:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/comment-les-virus-echappent-au-systeme-de-defense-immunitaire\/"},"modified":"2025-05-26T18:56:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T16:56:18","slug":"comment-les-virus-echappent-au-systeme-de-defense-immunitaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/comment-les-virus-echappent-au-systeme-de-defense-immunitaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment les virus \u00e9chappent au syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9fense immunitaire"},"content":{"rendered":"
\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpar Jan Grabowski, Twincore – Zentrum f\u00fcr Experimentlle und Klinische Infektionsforschung\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n
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Les anticorps monoclonaux contre le SRAS-COV-2 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme une approche prometteuse pour la pr\u00e9vention et la th\u00e9rapie des infections au coronavirus. Cependant, l’\u00e9volution continue du virus produit r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de nouvelles variantes qui ne sont plus neutralis\u00e9es par les anticorps.<\/p>\n
Des chercheurs de Twincore, ainsi que des partenaires de Hanover et Bern, ont maintenant pu clarifier le m\u00e9canisme sous-jacent plus en d\u00e9tail. Au lieu d’utiliser un seul anticorps, ils proposent la combinaison de plusieurs anticorps pour le traitement. Ils ont publi\u00e9 leurs r\u00e9sultats dans la revue ebiomedicine<\/i>.<\/p>\n
L’un des m\u00e9canismes fondamentaux de la d\u00e9fense immunitaire est la formation d’anticorps qui peuvent reconna\u00eetre les agents pathog\u00e8nes et les rendre inoffensifs. Dans la nature, les anticorps se produisent comme un m\u00e9lange divers produit par de nombreuses cellules diff\u00e9rentes d’un type, ce qui les rend polyclonales. En revanche, les anticorps monoclonaux, qui sont tous identiques, sont con\u00e7us en laboratoire pour reconna\u00eetre une seule cible sp\u00e9cifique et sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9s comme m\u00e9dicament pour traiter ou pr\u00e9venir les infections.<\/p>\n
Plusieurs anticorps monoclonaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et approuv\u00e9s pour le traitement des infections au coronavirus pendant la pand\u00e9mie. \u00ab\u00a0Cependant, les anticorps monoclonaux ont une faiblesse significative\u00a0\u00bb, explique le Dr Matthias Bruhn, chercheur postdoctoral \u00e0 l’Institute for Experimental Infection Research \u00e0 Twincore et auteur principal de la pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude. \u00ab\u00a0Une seule mutation dans le virus peut \u00eatre suffisante pour qu’un anticorps perde son efficacit\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
Bruhn et ses partenaires de coop\u00e9ration ont observ\u00e9 ce talon d’Achille dans les anticorps qu’ils ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s eux-m\u00eames, l’efficacit\u00e9 dont ils voulaient d\u00e9montrer dans un mod\u00e8le animal.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0Nos coll\u00e8gues de l’Universit\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Hannover Foundation (TIHO) ont test\u00e9 nos anticorps dans un mod\u00e8le de hamster pr\u00e9clinique\u00a0\u00bb, explique Bruhn. \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons vu l’effet protecteur attendu chez la plupart des animaux. Mais trois des animaux sont tomb\u00e9s malades de toute fa\u00e7on.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
Les chercheurs ont ensuite caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 plus en d\u00e9tail les coronavirus des animaux malades et ont d\u00e9couvert un seul changement dans le g\u00e9nome viral. De tels changements, commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9s mutations d’\u00e9chappement viraux, ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s dans d’autres \u00e9tudes d’anticorps.<\/p>\n
En remplacement des exp\u00e9riences animales, ils ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 reproduire l’observation dans les cultures cellulaires. \u00ab\u00a0L’emplacement de la mutation dans le g\u00e9nome viral est directement influenc\u00e9 par l’anticorps sp\u00e9cifique utilis\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, explique Maureen Obara, un doctorat. \u00e9tudiant \u00e0 l’Institut de recherche sur les infections exp\u00e9rimentales. \u00ab\u00a0Ces mutations se produisent syst\u00e9matiquement au site de liaison de l’anticorps respectif.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
L’\u00e9quipe a ensuite d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une strat\u00e9gie pour emp\u00eacher l’apparition de mutations d’\u00e9chappement virales pendant le traitement des anticorps monoclonaux. \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons copi\u00e9 la recette de cette strat\u00e9gie directement \u00e0 partir de la nature, du syst\u00e8me immunitaire\u00a0\u00bb, explique Bruhn.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0D’une part, le point faible peut \u00eatre pratiquement mut\u00e9 par une contre-mutation cibl\u00e9e de l’anticorps. Et d’autre part, deux ou m\u00eame trois anticorps monoclonaux peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s simultan\u00e9ment pour lier le virus en m\u00eame temps.\u00a0\u00bb En utilisant cette approche, ils ont pu imiter le m\u00e9lange naturel de diff\u00e9rents anticorps.<\/p>\n
En plus des chercheurs de Twincore et du Tiho, des partenaires de coop\u00e9ration de la Hanover Medical School et de l’Institut suisse de virologie et d’immunologie (IVI) \u00e0 Berne ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s dans ce projet de recherche.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0La collaboration avec des coll\u00e8gues nationaux et internationaux a une fois de plus apport\u00e9 une contribution d\u00e9cisive au succ\u00e8s de cette \u00e9tude\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le professeur Ulrich Kalinke, directeur de l’Institute for Experimental Infection Research et directeur ex\u00e9cutif de Twincore. \u00ab\u00a0Ce r\u00e9seautage est rendu possible par des alliances telles que The Resist Cluster of Excellence et DZIF, le Centre allemand de recherche sur les infections.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFourni par Twincore – Zentrum F\u00fcr Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung<\/p>\n
par Jan Grabowski, Twincore – Zentrum f\u00fcr Experimentlle und Klinische Infektionsforschung Les anticorps monoclonaux contre<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6796,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[182,5449,5448,834,49,843,630],"class_list":["post-6795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-maladies","tag-comment","tag-defense","tag-echappent","tag-immunitaire","tag-les","tag-systeme","tag-virus","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\n
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