{"id":5955,"date":"2025-04-22T14:55:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T12:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/la-reponse-au-stress-du-placenta-humain-a-linfection-maternelle-covid-19-renforce-la-barriere-foetale-maternelle\/"},"modified":"2025-04-22T14:55:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T12:55:44","slug":"la-reponse-au-stress-du-placenta-humain-a-linfection-maternelle-covid-19-renforce-la-barriere-foetale-maternelle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/la-reponse-au-stress-du-placenta-humain-a-linfection-maternelle-covid-19-renforce-la-barriere-foetale-maternelle\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e9ponse au stress du placenta humain \u00e0 l’infection maternelle Covid-19 renforce la barri\u00e8re f\u0153tale maternelle"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans le Journal am\u00e9ricain d’obst\u00e9trique et de gyn\u00e9cologie<\/i> Par des chercheurs du Baylor College of Medicine, Uthealth Houston et des institutions collaboratrices r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que l’infection maternelle Covid-19 d\u00e9clenche des r\u00e9ponses de stress distinctes dans le placenta, y compris la r\u00e9gulation positive des g\u00e8nes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9\u00e9clampsie.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9ponses au stress favorisent la prolif\u00e9ration cellulaire dans le placenta qui renforce la barri\u00e8re entre le f\u0153tus et la circulation sanguine maternelle. La comparaison des r\u00e9ponses au stress placentaire dans Covid-19 et la pr\u00e9\u00e9clampsie a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des similitudes qui peuvent aider \u00e0 expliquer la pr\u00e9sentation qui se chevauchent de ces syndromes cliniques.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il est bien connu que le Covid-19 maternel augmente le risque de r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9favorables en mati\u00e8re de grossesse, notamment la pr\u00e9\u00e9clampsie, la mortinaissance et l’accouchement pr\u00e9matur\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re auteur Rachel Keuls, \u00e9tudiante dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e dans le Dr Ronald Parchem Lab \u00e0 Baylor. Parchem, co-correspondant auteur de l’ouvrage, est professeur agr\u00e9g\u00e9 de biologie mol\u00e9culaire et cellulaire et membre du SETM Celles and Regenerative Medicine Center et Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center de Baylor.<\/p>\n

Le virus d\u00e9clenche une temp\u00eate de cytokines chez la m\u00e8re – une lib\u00e9ration excessive et incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e de m\u00e9diateurs de fortes r\u00e9ponses immunitaires inflammatoires. Les cytokines circulant dans le sang maternel atteignent les syncytiotrophoblastes, les cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es qui forment la couche la plus externe du placenta, une barri\u00e8re qui s\u00e9pare la circulation maternelle et f\u0153tale et dont les fonctions comprennent la protection du f\u0153tus des microbes de maladie et des compos\u00e9s toxiques. Les syncytiotrophoblastes r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 la temp\u00eate des cytokines maternelles avec une r\u00e9ponse au stress qui n’est pas bien comprise.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Dans la pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude, nous avons \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la r\u00e9ponse du stress syncytiotrophoblaste au sein du placenta humain des m\u00e8res atteintes de Covid-19 \u00e0 la naissance\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Keuls. \u00ab\u00a0Il est important de noter que l’infection placentaire directe par le virus Covid-19 est rare. Les r\u00e9ponses au stress placentaire sont d\u00e9clench\u00e9es par la r\u00e9ponse inflammatoire maternelle au virus.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les syncytiotrophoblastes sont uniques car ils sont des cellules fusionn\u00e9es et multinucl\u00e9\u00e9es au lieu de cellules typiques avec un noyau, posant un d\u00e9fi pour profilage l’expression des g\u00e8nes dans les syncytiotrophoblastes \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution en utilisant des m\u00e9thodes actuelles. Pour comprendre comment les syncytiotrophoblastes ont r\u00e9agi au Covid-19 maternel, les chercheurs ont utilis\u00e9 le profilage transcriptionnel unique de nucleus, une technique pour identifier les changements dans l’expression des g\u00e8nes qui contournent les d\u00e9fis associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la capture des syncytiotrophoblastes avec des m\u00e9thodes pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment utilis\u00e9es pour le profilage du placenta.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cette technique a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 plusieurs grappes de syncytiotrophoblastes. Chaque cluster exprime un ensemble diff\u00e9rent de g\u00e8nes, ce qui signifie que les grappes ont des r\u00e9ponses de stress distinctes \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse inflammatoire maternale d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par Covid-19\u00a0\u00bb, professeur adjoint \u00e0 l’obst\u00e9mologie, \u00e0 la gyn\u00e9cologie et aux \u00e9coles m\u00e9dicales de l’obst\u00e9mologie et \u00e0 la Gyn\u00e9cologie et \u00e0 la reproductivit\u00e9 de l’USOSTRICS, de l’USOSTRICS, de Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences de MCGOVERNE MEDICALING ANSEALCH, GYMOSTRICS et GYNECOLOCH Houston. Elle est \u00e9galement membre du corps professoral auxiliaire du D\u00e9partement de biologie mol\u00e9culaire et cellulaire \u00e0 Baylor.<\/p>\n

Le bon endroit, au bon moment<\/h2>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ce projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s proche de l’\u00e9quipe personnellement\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Parchem. \u00abJ’\u00e9tais enceinte pendant les premiers jours de la pand\u00e9mie et me pr\u00e9occupant des cons\u00e9quences inconnues qui se sont infect\u00e9es auraient sur le b\u00e9b\u00e9. J’ai \u00e9t\u00e9 extr\u00eamement investi dans la compr\u00e9hension de la biologie. Nous ne savions pas alors si le virus infecte directement le placenta et qu’un vaccin n’\u00e9tait pas encore disponible.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Mais nous \u00e9tions dans une position unique pour trouver des r\u00e9ponses sur la fa\u00e7on dont ce virus nouvellement \u00e9mergent et \u00e0 propagation rapide a affect\u00e9 les grossesses. En tant que m\u00e9decin, j’ai pu recueillir des \u00e9chantillons de placenta pour notre \u00e9tude. Il serait impossible de collecter des cas d’infection primaires graves aupr\u00e8s de patients non vaccin\u00e9s aujourd’hui.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0J’ai effectu\u00e9 les analyses des placentas travaillant dans les tout premiers jours de la pand\u00e9mie\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Keuls. \u00ab\u00a0En tant que biologiste du d\u00e9veloppement, j’ai appliqu\u00e9 mon expertise pour \u00e9tudier les placentas \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution cellulaire pour explorer un territoire inexplor\u00e9, quelque chose dont nous ne savions rien – quels effets directs de la covide-19 \u00e9taient sur le placenta. Je travaillais dans le laboratoire d\u00e9sert\u00e9, les couloirs vides.<\/p>\n

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