{"id":3401,"date":"2025-01-10T02:55:46","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T01:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/la-science-derriere-les-tests-genetiques-pour-identifier-le-risque-dabus-dopioides-reste-a-prouver-selon-une-etude\/"},"modified":"2025-01-10T02:55:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T01:55:57","slug":"la-science-derriere-les-tests-genetiques-pour-identifier-le-risque-dabus-dopioides-reste-a-prouver-selon-une-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/la-science-derriere-les-tests-genetiques-pour-identifier-le-risque-dabus-dopioides-reste-a-prouver-selon-une-etude\/","title":{"rendered":"La science derri\u00e8re les tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pour identifier le risque d\u2019abus d\u2019opio\u00efdes reste \u00e0 prouver, selon une \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L’abus d’opio\u00efdes, et plus particuli\u00e8rement le trouble li\u00e9 \u00e0 l’usage d’opio\u00efdes (OUD), continue de repr\u00e9senter une menace importante pour la sant\u00e9 publique aux \u00c9tats-Unis, avec plus de 6 millions d’Am\u00e9ricains \u00e2g\u00e9s de 12 ans et plus r\u00e9pondant aux crit\u00e8res de l’OUD en 2022. Les efforts visant \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer la crise ont inclus le d\u00e9veloppement de g\u00e8nes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. tests pour identifier les personnes les plus \u00e0 risque d\u2019OUD.<\/p>\n

Nouvelle recherche, publi\u00e9e dans R\u00e9seau JAMA ouvert,<\/i> remet en question l’utilit\u00e9 de 15 variantes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques d’un algorithme destin\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire le risque d’OUD qui a r\u00e9cemment obtenu une approbation pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la commercialisation par la Food and Drug Administration. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que les tests pouvaient conduire \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats faussement positifs et faussement n\u00e9gatifs.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9e par Christal Davis, Ph.D., chercheur postdoctoral au centre m\u00e9dical Crescenz VA, bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Philadelphie, et Henry Kranzler, MD, professeur de psychiatrie et directeur du Centre d’\u00e9tudes sur la toxicomanie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ces r\u00e9sultats soulignent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de disposer de donn\u00e9es plus robustes et plus compl\u00e8tes, compte tenu en particulier de la nature complexe des troubles psychiatriques, notamment de l’OUD\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Kranzler. \u00ab\u00a0Les dommages potentiels d\u00e9coulant d’un test g\u00e9n\u00e9tique d\u00e9fectueux pour l’OUD incluent \u00e0 la fois des faux n\u00e9gatifs et des faux positifs.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Par exemple, si le test identifie \u00e0 tort les patients comme pr\u00e9sentant un faible risque de TUO, ils peuvent avoir un faux sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en prenant des opio\u00efdes, et les prestataires peuvent prescrire des opio\u00efdes \u00e0 ceux qui pourraient devenir d\u00e9pendants. Les patients qui testent faussement un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019OUD peuvent se voir refuser une forme efficace de soulagement de la douleur, en plus d\u2019\u00eatre potentiellement confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une stigmatisation.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude cas-t\u00e9moins s’est appuy\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es des dossiers de sant\u00e9 de plus de 450 000 participants expos\u00e9s aux opio\u00efdes dans le cadre du Million Veteran Program (MVP), dont plus de 33 000 personnes atteintes d’OUD.<\/p>\n

Elle a montr\u00e9 que les 15 variantes nucl\u00e9otidiques uniques (SNV) cens\u00e9es pr\u00e9dire le risque d\u2019OUD n\u2019\u00e9taient pas utiles pour identifier l\u2019OUD, car elles pr\u00e9sentaient des taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de r\u00e9sultats faussement n\u00e9gatifs et faussement positifs. Avec 47 cas sur 100 mal identifi\u00e9s, les r\u00e9sultats sont \u00e9quivalents \u00e0 un tirage au sort.<\/p>\n

Une lettre connexe r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par un groupe de g\u00e9n\u00e9ticiens psychiatriques, dont les Drs. Davis et Kranzler, a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans Lancet Psychiatrie<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Il d\u00e9crit les facteurs cl\u00e9s que les r\u00e9gulateurs devraient prendre en compte pour ce test g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et pour les futurs tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques propos\u00e9s pour l’OUD et d’autres troubles psychiatriques. Ces consid\u00e9rations incluent la contribution environnementale significative aux troubles psychiatriques et la mani\u00e8re dont les diff\u00e9rences d’ascendance g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et les exp\u00e9riences de vie d’un individu doivent \u00eatre prises en compte lors de la pr\u00e9vision du risque d’OUD ou d’autres troubles psychiatriques.<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’abus d’opio\u00efdes, et plus particuli\u00e8rement le trouble li\u00e9 \u00e0 l’usage d’opio\u00efdes (OUD), continue de repr\u00e9senter<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[3427,2023,174,48,675,719,49,8,3428,329,40,2022,46,72,47],"class_list":["post-3401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-addictions","tag-dabus","tag-derriere","tag-dopioides","tag-etude","tag-genetiques","tag-identifier","tag-les","tag-pour","tag-prouver","tag-reste","tag-risque","tag-science","tag-selon","tag-tests","tag-une","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLa science derri\u00e8re les tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pour identifier le risque d\u2019abus d\u2019opio\u00efdes reste \u00e0 prouver, selon une \u00e9tude - 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