{"id":2596,"date":"2024-12-03T22:57:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T21:57:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/les-reactions-des-rats-a-la-cocaine-et-a-laversion-offrent-un-apercu-de-la-dependance\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T22:57:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T21:57:08","slug":"les-reactions-des-rats-a-la-cocaine-et-a-laversion-offrent-un-apercu-de-la-dependance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/les-reactions-des-rats-a-la-cocaine-et-a-laversion-offrent-un-apercu-de-la-dependance\/","title":{"rendered":"Les r\u00e9actions des rats \u00e0 la coca\u00efne et \u00e0 l’aversion offrent un aper\u00e7u de la d\u00e9pendance"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La consommation de substances addictives implique souvent une exp\u00e9rience d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able, comme utiliser une aiguille, ing\u00e9rer une substance am\u00e8re ou inhaler de la fum\u00e9e. Ces exp\u00e9riences d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables, connues sous le nom d’indices aversifs, et nos r\u00e9actions initiales \u00e0 leur \u00e9gard sont essentielles pour comprendre qui deviendra toxicomane, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Travis Mochak, Ph.D., biologiste \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 du Texas \u00e0 El Paso.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les signaux aversifs sont importants d\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re exposition\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Moschak. Mais jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, dit-il, il n\u2019existait pas de bon mod\u00e8le animal pour \u00e9tudier ce concept.<\/p>\n

Moschak est l’auteur principal d’une nouvelle \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e ce mois-ci dans la revue D\u00e9pendance aux drogues et \u00e0 l’alcool<\/i> qui d\u00e9crit une nouvelle approche permettant aux rats de s’auto-administrer de la coca\u00efne et de rencontrer de l’aversion face \u00e0 ce tout premier \u00ab high \u00bb.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses tr\u00e8s variables chez les rats, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant que les r\u00e9actions individuelles aux aspects d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables de la consommation de drogues peuvent \u00eatre importantes pour d\u00e9terminer la susceptibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9pendance.<\/p>\n

Moschak a expliqu\u00e9 que pr\u00e8s de 30 rats ont eu la possibilit\u00e9 de s’auto-administrer de petites doses de coca\u00efne en poussant leur nez dans un trou d\u00e9sign\u00e9. Chaque dose de coca\u00efne \u00e9tait pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e d’une petite dose de quinine au go\u00fbt amer, une substance sans danger pour les rats et couramment utilis\u00e9e pour conf\u00e9rer la saveur am\u00e8re \u00e0 l’eau tonique. L’\u00e9tude a mesur\u00e9 la r\u00e9ponse des rats \u00e0 l’exp\u00e9rience mixte positive-n\u00e9gative de la coca\u00efne et de la quinine et a \u00e9valu\u00e9 si leur aversion pour la quinine l’emportait sur l’impact de la coca\u00efne.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir eu l’occasion de s’auto-administrer de la coca\u00efne, Moschak a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que trois mod\u00e8les distincts \u00e9taient devenus \u00e9vidents parmi les rats. Un groupe a fortement r\u00e9agi \u00e0 la quinine et a compl\u00e8tement arr\u00eat\u00e9 de s\u2019auto-administrer de la coca\u00efne, ce qui peut \u00eatre compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u2019une personne qui essaie une drogue, vit une exp\u00e9rience n\u00e9gative et ne recommence plus jamais.<\/p>\n

Un deuxi\u00e8me groupe a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 consommer de la coca\u00efne \u00e0 faibles doses, mais a progressivement augment\u00e9 sa consommation, ce qui indique que la quinine ne les a pas suffisamment dissuad\u00e9s pour arr\u00eater. Un troisi\u00e8me groupe, inattendu, a commenc\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tude avec une forte consommation de coca\u00efne, mais s\u2019est ensuite progressivement stabilis\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le troisi\u00e8me groupe nous a surpris\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Moschak. \u00ab\u00a0Ils semblaient en avoir abus\u00e9 et la combinaison de trop de coca\u00efne et de trop de stimulus aversifs a pris le dessus.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Alors que des \u00e9tudes ant\u00e9rieures ont explor\u00e9 la relation entre les signaux aversifs et la consommation de drogues, la recherche de Moschak est la premi\u00e8re \u00e0 les \u00e9tudier comme une exp\u00e9rience coupl\u00e9e d\u00e8s le tout premier cas de consommation de drogues, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ces r\u00e9sultats pourraient aider \u00e0 expliquer pourquoi certaines personnes d\u00e9veloppent des troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’usage de substances alors que d’autres ne le font pas, et des \u00e9tudes futures pourraient d\u00e9couvrir des diff\u00e9rences g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ou neuronales qui pourraient guider des traitements cibl\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mochak.<\/p>\n

Les rats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s de la coca\u00efne \u00e0 la fin de l’\u00e9tude et n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9s par cette exp\u00e9rience, a indiqu\u00e9 l’\u00e9quipe. Les recherches futures examineront les r\u00e9gions du cerveau des rats qui sont actives lors de la consommation de drogues avec un signal aversif et chercheront \u00e0 comprendre les diff\u00e9rences g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ou biologiques derri\u00e8re les diff\u00e9rentes exp\u00e9riences des rats.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il s’agit d’une \u00e9tude fascinante avec un grand potentiel pour nous aider \u00e0 mieux comprendre et lutter contre l’abus de drogues chez les gens\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Robert Kirken, Ph.D., doyen du College of Science. \u00ab\u00a0Avec des \u00e9tudes plus approfondies, cette recherche pourrait conduire \u00e0 de meilleures fa\u00e7ons de pr\u00e9venir et de traiter la d\u00e9pendance.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

La coca\u00efne utilis\u00e9e dans l’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9e par l’interm\u00e9diaire du programme d’approvisionnement en drogues de l’Institut national de lutte contre l’abus des drogues, qui fournit des substances r\u00e9glement\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins de recherche.<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La consommation de substances addictives implique souvent une exp\u00e9rience d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able, comme utiliser une aiguille, ing\u00e9rer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[2875,1010,410,16,2874,49,1276,2734,2873],"class_list":["post-2596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-addictions","tag-apercu","tag-cocaine","tag-dependance","tag-des","tag-laversion","tag-les","tag-offrent","tag-rats","tag-reactions","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLes r\u00e9actions des rats \u00e0 la coca\u00efne et \u00e0 l'aversion offrent un aper\u00e7u de la d\u00e9pendance - RVH-Synergie.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/les-reactions-des-rats-a-la-cocaine-et-a-laversion-offrent-un-apercu-de-la-dependance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les r\u00e9actions des rats \u00e0 la coca\u00efne et \u00e0 l'aversion offrent un aper\u00e7u de la d\u00e9pendance - 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