{"id":1637,"date":"2024-10-26T07:56:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-26T05:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/la-consommation-de-cannabis-a-ladolescence-a-des-effets-visibles-sur-la-structure-du-cerveau\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T07:56:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T05:56:51","slug":"la-consommation-de-cannabis-a-ladolescence-a-des-effets-visibles-sur-la-structure-du-cerveau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/la-consommation-de-cannabis-a-ladolescence-a-des-effets-visibles-sur-la-structure-du-cerveau\/","title":{"rendered":"La consommation de cannabis \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence a des effets visibles sur la structure du cerveau"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La consommation de cannabis pourrait entra\u00eener un amincissement du cortex c\u00e9r\u00e9bral chez les adolescents, selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente dirig\u00e9e par Graciela Pineyro et Tomas Paus, chercheurs au CHU Sainte-Justine et professeurs \u00e0 la Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine de l’Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al. L’ouvrage est publi\u00e9 dans Le journal des neurosciences<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Fruit d’un effort de collaboration entre deux laboratoires de recherche aux approches compl\u00e9mentaires, l’\u00e9tude d\u00e9montre que le THC, ou t\u00e9trahydrocannabinol, une substance active du cannabis, provoque un r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement de l’arborisation dendritique, le \u00ab r\u00e9seau d’antennes \u00bb des neurones, dont le r\u00f4le est essentiel pour la communication entre les neurones. . Cela se traduit par une atrophie de certaines r\u00e9gions du cortex c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, une mauvaise nouvelle \u00e0 un \u00e2ge o\u00f9 le cerveau est en pleine maturit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00abSi nous prenons l’analogie du cerveau avec un ordinateur, les neurones seraient le processeur central, recevant toutes les informations via les synapses via le r\u00e9seau dendritique\u00bb, explique Paus, \u00e9galement professeur de psychiatrie et de neurosciences \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ainsi, une diminution des donn\u00e9es transmises au processeur central par les dendrites rend plus difficile pour le cerveau d’apprendre de nouvelles choses, d’interagir avec les gens, de faire face \u00e0 de nouvelles situations, etc. En d’autres termes, cela rend le cerveau plus vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 tout ce qui peut qui arrivent dans la vie d’un jeune. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Une approche multi-niveaux pour mieux comprendre l\u2019effet sur les humains<\/h2>\n

Ce projet se distingue par le caract\u00e8re compl\u00e9mentaire et multi-niveaux des m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es. \u00ab\u00a0En analysant des images par r\u00e9sonance magn\u00e9tique (IRM) du cerveau d’une cohorte d’adolescents, nous avions d\u00e9j\u00e0 montr\u00e9 que les jeunes qui consommaient du cannabis avant l’\u00e2ge de 16 ans avaient un cortex c\u00e9r\u00e9bral plus fin\u00a0\u00bb, explique Paus. \u00ab\u00a0Cependant, cette m\u00e9thode de recherche ne nous permet pas de tirer des conclusions sur la causalit\u00e9, ni de r\u00e9ellement comprendre l’effet du THC sur les cellules c\u00e9r\u00e9brales.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Compte tenu des limites de l’IRM, l’introduction du mod\u00e8le murin par l’\u00e9quipe de Pineyro a \u00e9t\u00e9 essentielle. \u00abLe mod\u00e8le a permis de d\u00e9montrer que le THC modifie l’expression de certains g\u00e8nes affectant la structure et la fonction des synapses et des dendrites\u00bb, explique Pineyro, qui est \u00e9galement professeur au D\u00e9partement de pharmacologie et de physiologie de l’Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il en r\u00e9sulte une atrophie de l’arborescence dendritique qui pourrait contribuer \u00e0 l’amincissement observ\u00e9 dans certaines r\u00e9gions du cortex.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que ces g\u00e8nes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s chez les humains, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions corticales les plus fines de la cohorte d\u2019adolescents ayant exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 le cannabis. En combinant leurs m\u00e9thodes de recherche distinctes, les deux \u00e9quipes ont ainsi pu d\u00e9terminer avec un haut degr\u00e9 de certitude que les g\u00e8nes cibl\u00e9s par le THC dans le mod\u00e8le murin \u00e9taient \u00e9galement associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019amincissement cortical observ\u00e9 chez les adolescents.<\/p>\n

Avec la consommation croissante de cannabis chez les jeunes nord-am\u00e9ricains et les produits commerciaux \u00e0 base de cannabis contenant des concentrations croissantes de THC, il est imp\u00e9ratif que nous am\u00e9liorions notre compr\u00e9hension de la fa\u00e7on dont cette substance affecte la maturation c\u00e9r\u00e9brale et la cognition. Cette \u00e9tude collaborative r\u00e9ussie, faisant appel \u00e0 des techniques de pointe en biologie cellulaire et mol\u00e9culaire, en imagerie et en analyse bioinformatique, constitue un pas dans la bonne direction pour le d\u00e9veloppement de mesures de sant\u00e9 publique efficaces.<\/p>\n

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La consommation de cannabis pourrait entra\u00eener un amincissement du cortex c\u00e9r\u00e9bral chez les adolescents, selon<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[392,585,33,16,1697,1246,2010,112,2009],"class_list":["post-1637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-addictions","tag-cannabis","tag-cerveau","tag-consommation","tag-des","tag-effets","tag-ladolescence","tag-structure","tag-sur","tag-visibles","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLa consommation de cannabis \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence a des effets visibles sur la structure du cerveau - RVH-Synergie.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/la-consommation-de-cannabis-a-ladolescence-a-des-effets-visibles-sur-la-structure-du-cerveau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La consommation de cannabis \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence a des effets visibles sur la structure du cerveau - 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