{"id":11640,"date":"2025-11-12T20:35:02","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T19:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/une-etude-de-sequencage-quantifie-linfluence-genetique-sur-les-caracteristiques-et-les-maladies-humaines\/"},"modified":"2025-11-12T20:35:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T19:35:09","slug":"une-etude-de-sequencage-quantifie-linfluence-genetique-sur-les-caracteristiques-et-les-maladies-humaines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/une-etude-de-sequencage-quantifie-linfluence-genetique-sur-les-caracteristiques-et-les-maladies-humaines\/","title":{"rendered":"Une \u00e9tude de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age quantifie l\u2019influence g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur les caract\u00e9ristiques et les maladies humaines"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer dans quelle mesure les g\u00e8nes influencent les caract\u00e9ristiques humaines, notamment la taille et le poids, et la susceptibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 des maladies comme le diab\u00e8te de type 2, dans une \u00e9tude codirig\u00e9e par des chercheurs de l’Universit\u00e9 du Queensland et des collaborateurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de technologie g\u00e9nomique Illumina, Inc.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9tude est la plus grande du genre et a utilis\u00e9 les s\u00e9quences d’ADN de 347 630 personnes d’origine europ\u00e9enne de la biobanque britannique pour quantifier dans quelle mesure les diff\u00e9rences de traits entre les personnes peuvent \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9es par des facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, appel\u00e9s h\u00e9ritabilit\u00e9. La recherche est publi\u00e9e dans la revue Nature<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Le professeur Loic Yengo de l’Institut de bioscience mol\u00e9culaire de l’UQ a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome entier permet de mesurer avec pr\u00e9cision la plupart des variantes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, contrairement aux m\u00e9thodes traditionnelles utilisant des donn\u00e9es provenant d’\u00e9tudes de parents et de jumeaux.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Une question en suspens en g\u00e9n\u00e9tique humaine est de savoir dans quelle mesure les estimations de l’h\u00e9ritabilit\u00e9 bas\u00e9es sur des jumeaux pourraient \u00eatre reproduites \u00e0 l’aide des technologies g\u00e9nomiques modernes lorsqu’elles sont appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 des individus non apparent\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le professeur Yengo.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Notre \u00e9tude r\u00e9pond \u00e0 cette question et d\u00e9montre pour la premi\u00e8re fois que cette approche fonctionne.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Parmi les 34 caract\u00e9ristiques et maladies \u00e9tudi\u00e9es par les chercheurs figuraient la taille, l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), le cholest\u00e9rol, l’hypertension, la fertilit\u00e9, l’initiation au tabagisme et les maladies cardiaques.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Parmi les traits \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, nous avons estim\u00e9 que les facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques peuvent expliquer en moyenne 30 % des diff\u00e9rences entre les personnes, allant de 74 % pour la taille et 12 % pour la fertilit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le professeur Yengo.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’une des limites de l’approche traditionnelle est que les parents et les jumeaux partagent non seulement des g\u00e8nes mais aussi des facteurs environnementaux.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Par exemple, les estimations bas\u00e9es sur la famille placent l’influence g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur l’IMC d’une personne \u00e0 50 %, mais le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age g\u00e9nomique a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que l’influence \u00e9tait de 35 %.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tape suivante consiste \u00e0 cartographier les g\u00e8nes ou les variantes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques entre les individus pour expliquer pourquoi certaines personnes d\u00e9veloppent une maladie et d’autres non.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cela permettrait d’identifier pr\u00e9cocement les individus \u00e0 risque et de prendre des mesures pr\u00e9ventives bien avant que la maladie ne se d\u00e9veloppe\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le professeur Yengo.<\/p>\n

Kyle Farh, co-auteur et vice-pr\u00e9sident de l’intelligence artificielle d’Illumina, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les ensembles de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9nomiques au niveau de la population, comme UK Biobank, permettent aux chercheurs d’acc\u00e9der \u00e0 une multitude de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

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Le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer dans quelle mesure les g\u00e8nes influencent<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11641,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[5871,48,944,227,49,2766,404,2524,490,112,47],"class_list":["post-11640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-maladies","tag-caracteristiques","tag-etude","tag-genetique","tag-humaines","tag-les","tag-linfluence","tag-maladies","tag-quantifie","tag-sequencage","tag-sur","tag-une","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nUne \u00e9tude de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age quantifie l\u2019influence g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur les caract\u00e9ristiques et les maladies humaines - RVH-Synergie.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/une-etude-de-sequencage-quantifie-linfluence-genetique-sur-les-caracteristiques-et-les-maladies-humaines\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une \u00e9tude de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age quantifie l\u2019influence g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur les caract\u00e9ristiques et les maladies humaines - 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