{"id":11035,"date":"2025-10-27T17:26:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T16:26:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/risque-accru-de-developper-une-dependance-a-lalcool-liee-a-une-mutation-genetique\/"},"modified":"2025-10-27T17:26:53","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T16:26:53","slug":"risque-accru-de-developper-une-dependance-a-lalcool-liee-a-une-mutation-genetique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/risque-accru-de-developper-une-dependance-a-lalcool-liee-a-une-mutation-genetique\/","title":{"rendered":"Risque accru de d\u00e9velopper une d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019alcool li\u00e9e \u00e0 une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Des chercheurs de l\u2019\u00c9cole de m\u00e9decine Yong Loo Lin de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 nationale de Singapour (NUS Medicine) rapportent que le g\u00e8ne CHRNA3 agit comme un r\u00e9gulateur cl\u00e9 de la sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019alcool. Publi\u00e9 dans le Journal des neurosciences<\/i>l’\u00e9tude fournit des preuves exp\u00e9rimentales recherch\u00e9es depuis longtemps pour \u00e9tayer les \u00e9tudes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques humaines, reliant les modifications de la fonction CHRNA3 \u00e0 des diff\u00e9rences mesurables dans la sensibilit\u00e9 inn\u00e9e \u00e0 l’alcool.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9e par le professeur agr\u00e9g\u00e9 Ajay S. Mathuru du d\u00e9partement de physiologie de NUS Medicine avec le premier auteur, le Dr Joshua Raine, chercheur, et le Dr Caroline Kibat, chercheuse principale, du m\u00eame d\u00e9partement. L’\u00e9quipe a d\u00e9couvert que les mutations du g\u00e8ne chrna3, un g\u00e8ne du r\u00e9cepteur nicotinique de l’ac\u00e9tylcholine exprim\u00e9 dans le syst\u00e8me nerveux, sont associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une sensibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite \u00e0 l’alcool dans un mod\u00e8le de laboratoire pr\u00e9clinique.<\/p>\n

Pour d\u00e9terminer si des facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques peuvent contribuer au d\u00e9veloppement de troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 la consommation d\u2019alcool, les chercheurs ont utilis\u00e9 un test \u00e0 deux choix dans lequel il est possible de s\u2019auto-administrer volontairement de l\u2019alcool. Ils ont quantifi\u00e9 les comportements d\u2019\u00e9vitement par rapport aux comportements d\u2019attraction et analys\u00e9 l\u2019expression des g\u00e8nes c\u00e9r\u00e9braux pour les r\u00e9cepteurs cl\u00e9s des neurotransmetteurs.<\/p>\n

Dans des conditions normales, une br\u00e8ve attirance pour l\u2019alcool, suivie d\u2019un \u00e9vitement rapide \u00e0 mesure que la dose augmente, a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e. En revanche, les mod\u00e8les de laboratoire pr\u00e9cliniques pr\u00e9sentant des mutations dans chrna3 retardent ce passage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vitement, s\u2019auto-administrant de l\u2019alcool beaucoup plus longtemps et tol\u00e9rant des concentrations plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La mutation \u00e9tait associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une alt\u00e9ration de l’expression c\u00e9r\u00e9brale des g\u00e8nes des r\u00e9cepteurs glutamatergiques et GABAergiques, qui r\u00e9gulent respectivement les signaux excitateurs et inhibiteurs, et \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction des effets typiques de l’alcool sur le comportement en affaiblissant l’effet calmant \u00e0 faibles doses. Ces r\u00e9sultats indiquent que la fonction normale de chrna3 a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler l\u2019exposition \u00e0 l\u2019alcool et peut \u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019origine de diff\u00e9rences individuelles en mati\u00e8re de sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019alcool.<\/p>\n

En reliant le g\u00e8ne chrna3 \u00e0 des changements comportementaux et c\u00e9r\u00e9braux mesurables, cette \u00e9tude renforce la compr\u00e9hension biologique du risque de d\u00e9pendance et offre un aper\u00e7u de la pr\u00e9disposition g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00e0 la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’alcool.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Notre \u00e9tude fournit des preuves exp\u00e9rimentales directes selon lesquelles chrna3 r\u00e9gule la sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’alcool\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le professeur associ\u00e9 Mathuru. \u00ab\u00a0Les variantes modifiant la fonction de ce g\u00e8ne peuvent augmenter le risque de d\u00e9velopper des troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 la consommation d’alcool chez l’homme, une possibilit\u00e9 qui n\u00e9cessite des recherches plus approfondies. La d\u00e9couverte de tels facteurs de risque peut aider \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des strat\u00e9gies de pr\u00e9vention et de traitement plus efficaces.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Assoc. Le professeur Mathuru est chercheur principal conjoint \u00e0 l\u2019Institut de biologie mol\u00e9culaire et cellulaire, A*STAR. Il occupe des postes au N.1 Institute for Health de NUS, \u00e0 l’Institut de m\u00e9decine num\u00e9rique (WisDM) et au programme de recherche translationnelle sur la long\u00e9vit\u00e9 saine de NUS Medicine. Les collaborateurs de l’\u00e9tude comprennent le professeur Ant\u00f3nia Monteiro et le Dr Tirtha Das Banerjee du D\u00e9partement des sciences biologiques de la NUS.<\/p>\n

Le test d’auto-administration raffin\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 dans cette \u00e9tude fournit une technique rentable avec des d\u00e9lais d’ex\u00e9cution plus rapides pour d\u00e9couvrir comment des g\u00e8nes sp\u00e9cifiques modulent les comportements associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9pendance. Il peut compl\u00e9ter d\u2019autres approches pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et orienter les futures th\u00e9rapies cibl\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

En s\u2019appuyant sur ces travaux, l\u2019\u00e9quipe vise \u00e0 analyser les variantes de CHRNA3 chez l\u2019homme pour une sensibilit\u00e9 similaire \u00e0 l\u2019alcool. Ils ont \u00e9tendu leurs recherches pour cartographier les circuits de r\u00e9compense et d\u2019\u00e9vitement et pour diss\u00e9quer les interactions \u00e0 l\u2019aide de mutations simples et combin\u00e9es dans le groupe de g\u00e8nes CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 li\u00e9s \u00e0 la toxicomanie.<\/p>\n

Les futurs travaux de l’\u00e9quipe visent \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir des liens m\u00e9canistiques entre les syst\u00e8mes de neurotransmetteurs modifi\u00e9s chez ces mutants, \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les impacts sur d’autres comportements et \u00e0 examiner la pertinence par rapport aux conditions humaines concomitantes, en informant les strat\u00e9gies pr\u00e9ventives personnalis\u00e9es pour les individus pr\u00e9sentant de telles pr\u00e9dispositions g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des chercheurs de l\u2019\u00c9cole de m\u00e9decine Yong Loo Lin de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 nationale de Singapour (NUS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[790,410,41,944,6,664,3287,40,47],"class_list":["post-11035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-addictions","tag-accru","tag-dependance","tag-developper","tag-genetique","tag-lalcool","tag-liee","tag-mutation","tag-risque","tag-une","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nRisque accru de d\u00e9velopper une d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019alcool li\u00e9e \u00e0 une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique - RVH-Synergie.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rvh-synergie.org\/actualites\/risque-accru-de-developper-une-dependance-a-lalcool-liee-a-une-mutation-genetique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Risque accru de d\u00e9velopper une d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019alcool li\u00e9e \u00e0 une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique - 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